List of Provinces in Total War: Shogun 2

Number	Name	Faction	Resources	Number	Name	Faction	Resources
1	Aki	Mori Clan	HG	31	Kazusa	Satomi Clan	I
2	Awa	Miyoshi Clan	H	32	Kii	Hatakeyama Clan	N
3	Awaji	Miyoshi Clan	F	33	Kozuka	Yamanouchi Clan	PT
4	Bingo	Kikkawa Clan	NT	34	Mikawa	Tokugawa Clan	H
5	Bitchu	Matsuda Clan	F	35	Mimasaka	Ukita Clan	I
6	Bizen	Urakami Clan	S	36	Mino	Saito Clan	F
7	Bungo	Otomo Clan	NT	37	Miyagi	Hatakeyama Clan	I
8	Buzen	Otomo Clan	C	38	Musashi	Ogigayatsu Clan	F
9	Echigo	Uesugi Clan	NT	39	Nagato	Ouchi Clan	F
10	Echizen	Saito Clan	C	40	North Shinano	Murakami Clan	F
11	Etchu	Jinbo Clan	F	41	Noto	Hatakeyama Clan	F
12	Fukushima	Ashina Clan	PF	42	Omi	Asai Clan	N
13	Harima	Bessho Clan	None	43	Osumi	Ito Clan	None
14	Hida	Anegakoji Clan	PF	44	Owari	Oda Clan	None
15	Higo	Sagara Clan	H	45	Sado	Honma Clan	G
16	Hitachi	Satake Clan	C	46	Sagami	Hojo Clan	S
17	Hizen	Shoni Clan	NT	47	Sanuki	Sono Clan	ST
18	Hoki	Amako Clan	C	48	Satsuma	Shimazu Clan	S
19	Hyuga	Ito Clan	F	49	Settsu	Takaoka Clan	PT
20	Iga	Hattori Clan	N	50	Shimosa	Satomi Clan	F
21	Inaba	Yamana Clan	NT	51	Shimotsuke	Utsunomiya Clan	HG
22	Ise	Kitabatake Clan	HG	52	South Shinano	Kiso Clan	ST
23	Iwami	Amako Clan	G	53	Suo	Ouchi Clan	H
24	Iwate	Date Clan	S	54	Suruga	Imagawa Clan	PT
25	Iyo	Kono Clan	F	55	Tajima	Yamana Clan	F
26	Izu	Hojo Clan	G	56	Tamba	Hatano Clan	F
27	Izumo	Amako Clan	F	57	Tango	Takaoka Clan	F
28	Kaga	Ikko Ikki	S	58	Tosa	Chosokabe Clan	PF
29	Kai	Takeda Clan	H	59	Totomi	Imagawa Clan	F
30	Kawachi	Hosokawa Clan	F	60	Tsukushi	Shoni Clan	PT
				61	Ugo	Mogami Clan	ST
				62	Uzen	Hatakeyama Clan	HG
				63	Wakasa	Sakai Clan	F
				64	Kyoto	Ashikaga Clan	PT
				65	Yamato	Tsutsui Clan	HG

Often listed as Kyoto.
The encyclopedia lists Kazusa (Satomi Clan) as a province with Iron. In game this is not the case, Kazusa has no Iron. It is currently unknown whether this is a bug or last minute balance update.

The Ishida, Kobayakawa, Kuroda, Toyotomi, Utsunomiya Clans and the rebel factions (Buddist Rebels, Christian Rebels, Rebels) have no provinces at the start of the game.
(Excluding the Naval Factions Portugal (Total War: Shogun 2) and Wako Pirates)

C	Craftwork	Fletchers can be built
F	Farming	Improved Irrigation can be built
G	Gold	Open Pit Gold Mines can be built
HG	Hallowed Ground	Mountain Hermitages and Bilgrim Hostels can be built
H	Horses	Horse Breeders can be built
I	Iron	Deep Iron Mines can be built
NT	Naval Tradition	Pirate Lairs and Warehouses can be built
N	Ninja	Burakumin Villages and Ninjutsu Schools can be built
PT	Philosopical Tradition	Libary or Magistrate can be built
PF	Prime Forest	Lumberyards can be built
S	Smithing	Armourers and Weaponsmiths can be built
ST	Stone	Stonemasons can be built